Developing Mathematics HOTS Test Items in Essay

Effects of Reducing the Cognitive Load of Mathematics Test Items on Student Performance

This study explores a new item-writing framework for improving the validity of math assessment items. The authors transfer insights from Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), traditionally used in instructional design, to educational measurement. Fifteen, multiple-choice math assessment items were modified using researchbased strategies for reducing extraneous cognitive load. An experimental design with...

Designing and Developing a Test for Cognitive Competencies of the Iranian Students’ Mathematics Literacy based on PISA Studies

Since the establishment of formal education in Iran, there has always been an emphasis on the application of mathematics in real life situation. To measure students’s competencies in applying mathematics in real life situations, there is a need to design a test with this purpose. During the current decade, PISA has been conducted in various countries to measure sudents’ competencies needed for ...

Guidelines for Developing a Coherent Essay

This chapter is designed to help you refine your first draft by guiding you in developing a coherent essay. Remember that a literature review should not be written as a series of connected summaries ( or annotations) of the literature you have read. Instead, it should have a clearly stated argument, and it should be developed in such a way that all of its elements work together to communicate a...

Extending a Practical Method for Developing Alternate Test Forms Using Independent Sets of Items

Developing Mathematics and Science Anew

ion comes from the Latin abstractio (detachment, division, retention), introduced by the Roman philosopher and theologian Boethius when translating Aristotle’s term aphairesis. Since the relevant to us meaning of the term abstraction has to do with the process of forming a general mental image of an object—note the root Form—we are entirely justified in interpreting this meaning as directly rel...